Someone is drowning: what to do, step by step

Lake, river, sea. Below: what to do right away, what next, when to call 112 and what to avoid. The same instructions are in the free SurvivalZone app and work without internet.

Open in the app (works offline)

First, right now

Shout to alert the lifeguard and people nearby, and call 112.
Throw the person something that floats: a ring, ball, bottle or board. Or reach out with a stick, branch or rope from the shore.
Do not jump in unless you are a trained lifeguard. A panicking person can pull a rescuer under.

Then

Drowning is often silent: head low in the water, no shouting, arms pressing on the water. Watch children all the time.
When you get out a person who is not breathing: give 5 rescue breaths, then 30 compressions and 2 breaths.
Breathing? Put them on their side, keep them warm and do not leave them alone.
Anyone who nearly drowned and swallowed water must see a doctor, even if they feel fine.
Through ice: lie flat, reach out a stick, scarf or rope, then crawl backwards.

When to call 112

Always when someone is drowning or has gone under. Also when, after nearly drowning, they cough, are short of breath or drowsy.

What not to do

Do not go into the water without something that floats, even if you swim well.
Do not try to pour water out of the lungs or hold the person upside down. It delays CPR.
Do not walk onto ice to reach someone who has fallen through.
Do not swim after drinking alcohol or where there is no lifeguard.

Keep it on your phone

SurvivalZone is a free app for every emergency, with no account and no app store. It works without internet and shows the nearest shelters and help points, local radio, a 72-hour plan and a mountain trip planner.

Open the SurvivalZone app

Other scenarios

Sources

Official sources are checked automatically every day. Last check: 2026-10-18.

General guidance only; it does not replace the emergency services. If a life is in danger, call 112.